Deterioration in the global climate and energy crisis in the background, adjusting energy structure to develop "low carbon economy" is the development direction of China's energy and economy. Essence of high-carbon low-carbon economy is to reduce energy consumption, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in order to achieve a model of economic development and ecological protection of economic and social development and win-win. Paper studies the status quo of China's energy consumption, low carbon economy. Research shows that China's total energy consumption increasing year by year, showing features rich coal, less oil, short of gas, coal consumption is still account for the largest proportion of China's energy consumption; therefore, it needs to strengthen the government's environmental control and optimize the energy structure, and adjusting the industrial structure, developing eco-friendly industry, and achieving the goal of a low carbon economy ultimately.