In recent years, under the context of “One Belt and One Road” Initiative, the relations between China and central and eastern European countries (CEEC) are attached an increasing importance to. Strengthening cultural exchanges between the two parties will do good to their further economic cooperation. Meanwhile, it will enhance cultural development in these countries involved as well as in the world. Due to historical, geographical and realistic reasons, there exist big differences in their cultures, which, however, never means that their cultures are in conflict with one another. They can integrate and coexist well. The process of cultural transmission in the two parties is a process of collision between different cultures. The two parties have to optimize their strategies in the process and this is a game. In this paper, problems in the cultural transmission in terms of the sources, ways and the target audiences will be discussed and corresponding solutions from the perspective of game theory will be put forward in order to maximize the two parties’ interest.