张晓朋:上海社会科学院世界经济研究所博士研究生,上海WTO事务咨询中心、全球贸易投资研究咨询中心助理研究员、经济师。研究方向:国际贸易、国际投资和产业经济等。
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《美国对等贸易法案》的主要目的是扩大美国行政部门对其他国家征收关税的权力,允许行政部门与其他国家谈判贸易协定,并在确定存在对美国商品销售产生负面影响的贸易壁垒时征收关税。虽然只是一项立法草案,但其既有白宫贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗的积极推动,又有特朗普总统在国情咨文中明确提出要求国会支持和批准,反映了特朗普政府的扩权冲动。但该法案的立法基础存在明显问题,违背了WTO所确立的关税互惠和最惠国原则,并未整体考虑经济体之间的贸易结构及其客观存在的合理性,将使美国总统的单方面征税权利获得巨大扩张,使全球价值链的自然发展遭受不确定性的巨大困扰。无论该法案通过与否,都值得重点关注。
The main purpose of the United States Reciprocal Trade Act is to expand the authority of theU.S. Executive Branch to impose tariffs on other countries, to allow the Executive Branch to negotiate tradeagreements with other countries, and to impose tariffs when trade barriers exist that negatively affect the saleof U.S. goods. It's just a draft bill, but it reflects both the aggressive push of White House trade adviser PeterNavarro and President Trump's explicit request for Congress's support and approval in his State of the UnionAddress. However, there are obvious problems in the legislative basis of this bill, which violates the principle ofreciprocal tariff and Most-F avored Nation established by the WTO. The bill does not consider the trade structurebetween countries as a whole and the rationality of its objective existence. It will greatly expand the unilateral .right of the President of the United States to impose tariff, and cause the natural development of global valuechain, industrial chain and supply chain to suffer great uncertainty. Whether the bill passes or not, it deservesour attention.
张晓朋.《美国对等贸易法案》的立法动向及其对全球价值链的潜在影响[J].上海对外经贸大学学报,2019,(3):32-42.
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