汤伟:上海社会科学院国际问题研究所副研究员,博士。研究方向:世界城市与发展
F299.1
本文受国家社科基金-般项目“金砖国家新兴世界城市比较研究”( 编号: 17BGJ065) 资助。
金砖国家领先城市,包括上海、约翰内斯堡、孟买、圣保罗和莫斯科等基本确立了“世界城市”的愿景和发展战略。但是,区别于纽约、伦敦在全球化进程中处于资本和信息管控中心和全球产业链顶端的自然形成模式,它们主要通过学习、模仿、对标方式追求世界城市地位。研究金砖国家领先城市以追求世界城市为目标的战略规划、相关政策体系及实施,发现学习、模仿和对标世界城市的发展模式加剧了城市内部社会阶层和居住空间的分化,使城市发展和国家现代化相互“脱嵌”,呈现出全球性和本土性、正式性和非正式性冲突等诸多具体问题。金砖国家新兴世界城市需要更为丰富的政策设计以实现多方面的平衡,包括维护不同利益主体特别是贫困人口和弱势群体的社会福利,重视协调全球城市发展和国内劳动力市场的平衡,重视城市传统保护和城市创新的平衡,重视全球城市制度规则和城市既有制度体系的协调平衡。
Different from those archetype world cities, e.g. New York, London and Tokyo, commanding andcontrolling center for world economy which rise naturally and spontaneously, the BRICS try to build their ownworld city through policy implanting which can be elaborated as transformation based on marketization andprivatization, namely take world city" as the strategic goal, and high-mobility infrastructure, effective urbanbest practices, industrial upgrading, and government reform as the specific policies. However, in the processof upgrading and transformation, the occupational structure, social stratification as well as spatial segregationincreasingly polarize. This inconsistency between the development of the megacities and the national economicdevelopment indicates that there are two paths for world city development, namely de-embedded from nationdirectly into the world economy or embedded" in nation which further lead to offshore" or onshore". Atpresent, the upgrading of mega-cities of the BRICS tend to be more onshore as these cities do not realize urbanautonomy based on the rule of law. So the BRICS mega-city development should consider the locality ,namelyinternal social factors and the urbanization stage, the former referring to unusual complexity while the latterreferring to the expanded poverty and informal employment as а result of large-scale immigration inflows. It isconcluded that the concept of emerging world cities, as policy design and implanting, will not be acclimatized",needs more rethinking in the sense of value, policy, path or other aspects.
汤伟.金砖国家新兴世界城市发展规划研究*[J].上海对外经贸大学学报,2019,(4):78-89.
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