王秀梅:北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院教授,博士生导师,法学博士,G20反腐败追逃追赃研究中心执行主任,国际刑法学协会副主席,中国廉政法制研究会副会长。研究方向:国际刑法学。
D901
现行《刑法》是将“保护伞”作为黑社会性质组织认定的“选择性”要件,改变了之前“必备性”要件的地位。依据刑法理论的解释以及“扫黑”的现实需要,除国家机关工作人员之外的其他国家工作人员也可作为“保护伞”成立的主体。黑社会性质组织和保护伞的结合主要有四种模式,具体分类对实现“打准打实”的目的具有重要作用。在审理“扫黑打伞”刑事案件中,应坚持认罪认罚从宽制度。当包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪与徇私枉法罪发生竞合时,应根据法条竞合的适用原则以及行为人的主观方面,认定具体的犯罪。而四种模式中的罪数认定,应根据具体情况进行分析,对不同模式的行为分别进行认定。此外,通过解释刑法总则、分则之间关系,否定黑社会性质组织犯罪刑罚适用中存在“重复评价”。
The current criminal law considers "umbrella" as a "selective" element of mafia-type organizedcrimes, which changes the status of its' "essential" role than before. According to the interpretation of criminallaw theory and practical requirement for "sweeping underworld", other officials can also be considered asplaying the role of umbrella" for mafia-type organized crimes rather than those officials in state-ownedagencies. There are four patterns for combination of mafia-type organization and umbrella" that are playingthe fundamental roles on punishing accurately and strongly after specific the categories. It is admitted that theconfession of guilt and punishment should be insisted when dealing with the case of Mafia-type organizedcrimes and breaking up the umbrella. If there is competition between harboring, conniving mafia-type organizedcrime and crime of engaging in malpractices and perverting with the law, the conducts should be consideredas a specific crime in accordance with the principle of statute concurrence and the perpetrator 'S meas rea.While defining the number of four patterns" related to mafia-type organized crimes, each of them should beinvestigated separately and identified the specific crime in match with the patterns. In addition, it should beconcluded that there is no repeated negative evaluation in applying for criminal punishment by explaining therelationship between the general provisions and special provisions of criminal law that are related to the mafia-type organized crimes.
王秀梅,司伟攀.“扫黑打伞”刑法适用问题研究[J].上海对外经贸大学学报,2020,(1):74-89.
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