Public health emergencies make people pay attention to health. Spatial analysis of urban health riskcan play a positive role in analysis and prevention. The research first discusses the importance of health, whichis embodied in feasible ability, human capital and the role of policy implementation. Secondly, it analyzes therelationship between urban health risk and space, the relationship between public health emergencies and urbanspace, and the perspective of social science space. Third, use the 2010 census data of Shanghai and the samplingdata of Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey. Based on the analysis of Shanghai immigrants and communityenvironmental exposure risk, to explore the application of spatial analysis in sociological health research.Finally, in the face of the new development of society and the progress of technology, the prevention anddetection mechanism for public health emergencies is the most critical measure. The spatial analysis of socialscience is helpful to the healthy development.