杨国华:清华大学法学院教授,法学博士。WTO上诉仲裁员,中国法学会WTO法研究会常务副会长。曾任商务部条约法律司副司长,负责WTO争端解决工作。研究方向:WTO、中美关系。
D996.1
WTO上诉机构从2017年开始危机显现,随后情况不断恶化,终于在2019年底停止运作。在此期间,有专业人士提出了上诉仲裁的设想,以WTO争端解决程序中的仲裁条款作为上诉依据。欧盟与加拿大和挪威先后签订了双边协议,将这种设想变为现实。2020年,23个成员建立“多方临时上诉安排”,并且选定10名仲裁员,至此上诉仲裁机制成为WTO争端上诉的替代方案,用于审理成员之间的上诉案件。该机制建立在WTO上诉程序基础之上,从受理案件到做出裁决,步骤完整;从继承经验到克服缺陷,设计周全。上诉仲裁机制不仅为上诉案件的审理提供了具体规则,而且为未来上诉机构的完善做出了尝试,成为国际组织应对危机的典范以及国际争端解决机制发展史上的里程碑。中国积极参与了上诉仲裁机制的构建。
The crisis of the WTO Appellate Body started in 2017 and its situation continued to deteriorate into non-operation by the end of 2019. During the time, appeal arbitration became an alternative to the Appellate Body, from an early proposal from some experts, to bilateral arrangements between EU, Canada and Norway, and finally to multi-party arrangement among 23 members in 2020. This arrangement is established on the WTO appellate system with complete rules, providing procedures for specific appeal cases and possibly experience for the improvement of the WTO Appellate Body. It has become a mile stone for dealing with crisis by the international organization and developing international dispute settlement systems. China contributed to the establishment of the multi-party arrangement.
杨国华. WTO上诉仲裁机制的建立[J].上海对外经贸大学学报,2020,(6):29-38.
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