China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development, and improving the business environment is an important policy focus of our government. Exploring the relationship between the two will not only help to deeply understand the economic significance of business environment reform, but also provide effective policy recommendations for high-quality development. This article uses data from 217 countries or regions in the world from 2000 to 2017 provided by the World Bank, the Fraser Institute and Polity IV, and comprehensively uses methods such as fixed effects models and systematic generalized moment estimation to examine the impact of business environment on investment structure, The impact of industrial structure, high technology, financial deepening, energy environment, gender equality and economic growth. On this basis, with the aid of principal component analysis, a comprehensive index of economic development quality is constructed to explore the comprehensive influence of the business environment on the quality of economic development. The study found that optimization of the business environment will significantly improve the quality of economic development. Using the average level of the business environment of neighboring countries in the region as an instrumental variable, and the World Bank's business environment ranking as a substitute variable for robustness testing, the results are also in line with expectations. The Chinese government should continue to benchmark advanced economies to optimize the business environment, and provide market players with more employment, entrepreneurial incentives, and a better business and investment environment. Optimize government service capabilities, effectively solve the business environment needs of enterprises, and promote high-quality economic development in China.