“People-oriented” is the core of ancient Chinese judicial governance. In judicial practice of judicial governance, it is manifested in specific principles such as “benefit to the people”,” moral education to the people” and “punishment to the villain to make it for the people”. The essence of “benefit to the people” is in keeping with the interests of the people. “Moral education” and “punishment” are applied in a complementary manner. It is also the performance of “benefit to the people”. Magistrates dominate judicial practice with the concept of “people-oriented”. Guiding the people’s “no-litigation” is a strategy for correcting errors before they happen. Pay attention to the role of “bright virtue”, On the one hand, in the form of bulletin notices, widely publicized and enlighten the people with benefits virtues and punishment. On the other hand, handle things peacefully in a limited and reasonable way to quell the fighting among the people. For litigation that has been occurred, we should attach importance to the function of judgment and try the case fairly and impartial manner. The key to the success lies in convincing the people with “Criminal behavior to determine by the circumstances of the case, the case is determined by evidence.” As an auxiliary method, “deceitful” could “find out the plot of the case”, but it cannot be used frequently, in order to avoid the unjust “deceitful” is harm for the people. The judicial civilization of ancient China has a significance about reference and enlightening for contemporary judicial governance.