Under the combined influence of the rise of emerging industries and the declining birthrate of families, the traditional industrial enterprises in Northeast China are short of labor seriously. As an old industrial base, how to use the existing foundation to stimulate the vitality of the development of traditional industrial enterprises and activate the reproduction of traditional industrial workers has become the key to Northeast Revitalization. As a typical representative of workers in traditional industries, state-owned coal mines in Northeast China are particularly prominent in this question. Taking L Coal Mine which is a large-scale stateowned coal enterprise in Northeast China as an example, with the method of combining on-site interviews and literature analysis, from the perspective of structure-action theory to summarize the historical stages of reproduction of the state-owned coal mine workers, This article compares the differences of labor reproduction in different stages from different aspects, reveals the shaping mechanism of the reproduction of traditional industrial worker groups under China’s specific political and economic system. The study found that the reproduction of traditional industrial worker groups was not a system reproduction at a purely structural level, nor a market reproduction at a single action level, but a specififi c form formed by market factors and non-market factors at the action-structure pattern.