This paper incorporates social network capital into the urban economic performance analysis framework, and uses the data of 260 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016 to conduct empirical analysis to verify that social network capital has a significant positive impact on urban economic performance, and obtains the following conclusions: first, the ability of cities to absorb and aggregate population is one of the important factors affecting the economic performance of cities, but there are certain regional differences; second, the current effect and the lagging effect of the urban social organization and public management scale on the urban development level coexist, and there are certain regional differences; third, the impact of social network information and communication volume on urban economic performance has strong regional characteristics; fourth, the improvement of urban social network communication infrastructure has a significant positive impact on the economic performance of Chinese cities, but there are differences in the impact of specific indicators.