Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone as a new mode of economic and trade cooperation formed in China’s exploration, it has become an important carrier of China’s opening to the outside world in the new period and a powerful starting point to promote the construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative. Based on the data of China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones and export trade from 2001 to 2017, this paper empirically tests the impact of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones on China’s export trade on the basis of analyzing the infl uence mechanism of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones on export trade. The establishment of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in the host country plays a substitute role for China’s export trade, which promotes China’s export of labor-intensive products and reduces China’s export of capital-intensive products. Moreover, the infl uence of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones on China’s export is heterogeneous, and the impact on developed countries is greater than that on developing countries.