The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the source of international law for global climate governance. It has established a centralized governance model, and its “top-down” emission reduction rules have shaped the embryonic form of international public power for climate governance. However, the Paris Agreement has broken the governance model of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and transformed it into a decentralized governance model of “bottom-up”. Each contracting party needs to independently promote the multilateral process of climate change. However, due to the impact of internal and external factors such as the public health crisis and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the rule system relies on the rule of law of state and non-state actors. The changes in emission reduction rules have intensified the differences among contracting parties in their actions to address climate change. To reflect the interactive effect of national autonomy and rule synergy, China should actively respond to the trend of “climate protectionism”. In the process of participating in global climate negotiations, it can lead the formulation of international rules in multilateral cooperation on the global carbon market. Accelerate the construction of legal programs for climate cooperation between China and other countries along the “the Belt and Road” initiative, reflect the responsibilities of major developing countries in addressing climate change, and jointly build a community of human and natural life to address climate change.