黄彦钦:福州大学法学院副教授,福州大学人工智能与法律研究中心执行主任,上海交通大学凯原法学院博士后,法学博士。研究方向:反垄断、反不正当竞争。
D922.294/DF414
商业混淆行为的违法性在于破坏商业标识的指引功能,扰乱消费者在商业标识、商品和商品来源之间建立的联系。认定商业混淆行为需要界定有一定影响的商业标识、该商业标识所附的商品和商品的来源,可以采用“剥离法”将商业标识和商品的各个要素分解与组合,找到具有值得法律保护最低限度指引功能的拟制商业标识和商品。考察涉案商业标识是否会构成混淆,可以从客观上判断商业标识外观的近似度,也可以直接考察消费者主观上是否对相关商业标识产生误认或误认的可能。对商业标识权益的归属问题可以选择采用权利保护模式和利益保护模式:权利保护模式将商业标识作为权利客体,适用在先使用标准确权;利益保护模式则通过过去的利益结构和未来可能的利益结构对商业标识利益进行再分配。
The illegality of commercial confusion lies in destroying the guiding function of business marks and disturbing the connection between business marks, commodities and commodity sources. To determine commercial confusion, it is necessary to define the commercial mark and the source of the commodity and the commodity that the commercial mark is attached which has a certain influence. The “stripping method” can be used to decompose and combine the various elements of the commercial mark and the commodity to find the artificial commercial mark and commodity with the minimum guiding function worthy of legal protection. To investigate whether the commercial mark involved in the case will constitute confusion, the similarity of the appearance of the commercial marks need be objectively judged, and the fact or possibility of confusion of consumers by the commercial mark subjectively need be directly investigated. For the ownership of the rights and interests of the commercial mark, the rights protection model or the interest’s protection model can be chosen. The rights protection model takes the commercial mark as the object of rights and applies the first use standard to confirm rights, and the interest’s protection model redistributes the interests of the commercial mark on the basis of the past interests’ structure and the possible future interests’ structure.
黄彦钦.商业混淆反不正当竞争法规制要点分析[J].上海对外经贸大学学报,2024,(3):60-74.
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