Against the backdrop of increasingly complex and uncertain global supply chains, supply chain resilience has gradually become a key competitive advantage for enterprises engaging in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Based on Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm, this paper explores how supply chain resilience enhances fi rms’ internationalization capabilities and thereby promotes their OFDI behavior, focusing on three dimensions: ownership advantages, internalization advantages, and locational advantages. Using microlevel data from listed companies in China from 2010 to 2022, the paper constructs indicators to measure both OFDI and corporate supply chain resilience. The empirical analysis reveals that: Supply chain resilience promotes OFDI. The transmission mechanisms include: enhancing ESG ratings and innovation capabilities to strengthen ownership advantages; improving cost control and management effi ciency to reinforce internalization advantages; and helping fi rms overcome the liability of foreignness in countries with low commercial freedom and poor political stability, thereby enhancing locational advantages. The eff ect of supply chain resilience on OFDI varies depending on fi rm characteristics, including ownership structure, degree of digital transformation, geographical distance in the supply chain, and supply chain effi ciency. Further analysis shows that the greater the strategic importance of the supply chain, the stronger its positive effect on OFDI. Moreover, corporate information transparency and the level of supply chain fi nance both positively moderate the relationship between supply chain resilience and OFDI. This study off ers a supply chain perspective on the drivers of OFDI, providing new insights for policymakers to optimize supply chain management and support firms in enhancing their resilience.