As a core driving force behind the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the high-quality development of artifi cial intelligence deeply relies on the collaborative innovation of three key elements: data, algorithms, and computing power. However, competitive risks arising from AI technological innovation, such as data monopolies, algorithmic collusion, and imbalanced computing power allocation, pose systemic challenges to traditional competition governance systems. Building on the development goals in China’s 15th Five-Year Plan to deepen and expand the ‘AI+’ strategy for empowering economic and social development and enhancing governance capacity, this study focuses on the manifestations and mechanisms of competitive risks in AI across the dimensions of data, algorithms, and computing power. By systematically reforming the current legal framework for market competition, it promotes the positive interaction between institutional innovation and technological advancement in AI development. Specifically, institutional reforms create the application space for technological innovation, while technological advancements further drive institutional reforms, forming a positive feedback loop. This approach provides institutional and technical support for healthy, orderly, and inclusive AI innovation and development.