Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement and a crucial focus for promoting high-quality development and realizing Chinese modernization. This development cannot be achieved without the empowerment of institutional opening up. From the perspective of its internal mechanism, institutional opening up accelerates the formation of production relations that are more adaptive to new quality productive forces through the convergence and adaptation of Chinese and international systems and standards. It drives technological innovation, optimizes factor allocation, and acts as an engine for industrial transformation and upgrading, thereby propelling productive forces to leap to higher levels and more advanced stages. However, at the practical level, empowering new quality productive forces through institutional openingup faces multiple challenges, including an underdeveloped institutional environment for sci-tech innovation, inadequate alignment with international economic and trade rules, and dual pressures from internal and external sources. It is imperative to optimize the underlying architecture of institutional opening-up through a threepronged approach: strengthening the institutional environment for scientific and technological innovation, benchmarking high-standard international economic and trade rules, and adhering to the dual strategy of “bringing in” and “going out”, so as to eff ectively empower the development of new quality productive forces.